Tibet is the only region of China without rail
access due to its special geological structure, and harsh
and changeable weather. Isolated by high mountains and
snow-covered peaks, Tibet was long shrouded in mystery. Poor
communications were an important factor restricting rapid
economic development.
Today, 30 years after
the founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region, four routes
from Sichuan, Qinghai, Yunnan and Xinjiang, along with the
China-Nepal Highway, provide road links between the Roof of
the World and other inland areas. They have ensured the
development of the region's economic construction and rapid
improvement of living standards. The Sichuan-Tibet Highway,
built across many high mountains and numerous rivers, and
the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, formed on frozen earth, are the
main arteries. During their construction, the People's
Liberation Army (PLA) overcame a series of technical
difficulties, such as earth frozen solid, avalanches, mud
flows and landslides, to finally open them to traffic in
December 1954, creating the basic conditions for Tibet
economic construction. The PLA soldiers and construction
workers overcame many difficulties and hardships, and even
gave their lives for the completion of the two highways.
Just as the description on the monument of the Sichuan-Tibet
and Qinghai-Tibet highways declares:
The Roof
of the World,
the Vast Expanse of Land,
with thin air and severe cold,
curbed by snow-covered mountains
......
Five years of painstaking
work,
three thousand strong men,
died a heroic death.
The
outstanding achievements will
go down in the
annals of history
......
Highway
on the plateau,
a miracle in the history,
well-known in the country and praised by all
people.
In 1956, the Civil Aviation
Administration of China opened the Beijing-Lhasa air route,
bringing aviation to Tibet for the first time. Now, the
region has five air routes linking more than 10 inland
cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu and
Chongqing, and five direct links with Kathmandu, capital of
Nepal. Yesterday's dangerous transport situation relying on
manpower and domestic animals has gone forever.
In recent years, post and telecommunications
have developed rapidly. By early 1994, 41 communications
satellite receiving stations had been set up. Half of the
region's counties are linked with 28,000 direct dial
telephones. A 900-MHz cellular mobile communications system
has been opened in Lhasa. Six prefectures and cities have
their own pager telephone service.
During the
1996 Spring Festival, when an old Tibetan woman saw her
daughter on satellite visual telephone in Beijing wishing
her a Happy New Year, she was very excited and could not
refrain from tears. "I cannot imagine I can hear the
voice and see the picture, as if my daughter was in front of
me. It is so marvellous. I never dreamt of this in the
past,'' she said.
Along with the rapid
development of post and satellite communications, TV and
radio broadcasting have made constant progress. Nowadays, TV
and radio cover the entire region. TV and broadcasting
satellite ground stations expanded from one in 1984 to 720
in 1994. Tibet TV also relays its programs by satellite to
enable people of the whole country and even the world to
know more about Tibet. Television and radio have entered
thousands of ordinary households in Tibet. Cable TV channels
have also opened in Lhasa, which enliven the people's life
and make their spare time more interesting and colorful.
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