With an average elevation of 4,000 meters, Tibet is
widely known as the "Roof of the World'', an ancient
but mysterious place in many people's minds. This 1.2
million square km land--one-eighth of the country's
total--currently supports a population of 2.32 million. It
is a minority nationality autonomous region with a
predominant Tibetan population.
The Tibetan
people have a long history and splendid ancient culture
within the Chinese nation. However, in old China, Tibetan
science and technology was extremely backward. Since the
founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the
Central Government has paid much attention to the
development of scientific undertakings in the region, and
shown great concern and support in this regard. Over the
past four decades, the people in Tibet, while inheriting and
developing traditional techniques, have energetically
promoted modern science and technology. Monumental progress
has been achieved in fields of breeding, plantation,
cultivation, medicine, environmental protection, energy
resource development, communications and meteorology, as
well as in the creation of new technologies and
products.
Statistics show that by the end of
1995, Tibetan scientific workers had completed 2,368
scientific research projects, 511 of which won awards at
regional level, with 11 gaining scientific progress prizes
at national level. Some results suitable for highland
regions have even reached advanced international level. At
the same time, a great many scientific achievements have
been commercialized, and thus have made tremendous
contributions to economic construction and social
development.
The first scientific research
institute, the July 1st Experimental Farm of Agricultural
Science and Technology established in Lhasa on July 1,1952,
has been followed over the years by a complete range of
scientific and technological research, popularization and
management institutions. At present, the region has a total
of 21 scientific research institutes, with 17 under the
jurisdiction of the autonomous region and four under
prefectural control. Their research work, involving
agriculture, animal husbandry, veterinary medicine,
forestry, communications, highland biology, ecology, solar
energy, geothermal energy, traditional Tibetan medicine and
astronomy, has ploughed modern scientific and technological
seeds into this old land. At the end of 1994, there were 831
scientific research workers including 287 Tibetan scientists
and engineers. With the constant growth of young scientists
and technicians, scientific and technological strength has
been gradually enhanced.
At the region's
working conference on science and technology held at the end
of 1995, Gyaincain Norbu, Chairman of the regional people's
government, delivered an important report entitled
Vitalizing Tibet by Science and Education, Accelerating
Science and Technology Progress and Striving for the Second
Strategic Goal. The conference adopted the Decision of the
CPC Tibet Autonomous Region Committee and the Autonomous
Region People's Government on Implementation of the Strategy
of Vitalizing Tibet by Science and Education and
Acceleration of Science and Technology Progress. This is now
the firm goal of people of all nationalities in the region.
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